Mar 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-16-925
Darling K.E.A.Corresponding author
Infectious Diseases Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
Objectives Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) against HIV acquisition has been shown to be safe and effective in populations at risk of HIV acquisition. We examined PrEP awareness, experience and acceptance among men who have sex with men (MSM) in southwest Switzerland. Methods Between 1st June 2011 and 31st August 2012, individuals attending 1) MSM screening clinics (Checkpoint Geneva) and 2) meeting areas were invited to complete an anonymous questionnaire covering sexual practices and PrEP awareness, experience and interest in participating in future PrEP trials. Results Of 918 men approached, 654 (71%) agreed to participate, the majority (536/654, 82%) enrolled via Checkpoint. Most participants (512/654, 78%) were homosexual; 21/654 (3.2%) disclosed being HIV-positive; 140/654 (21%) had unknown HIV status. Unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with a partner of different or unknown HIV status (non-serosorting) was practised by 49% of participants during the preceding year, more by participants of positive / unknown HIV status than by those negative / undisclosed status (68% vs 43%, P<0.001). Awareness of PrEP was reported in 42% (very aware in 17% and slightly aware in 25%); Checkpoint participants were more aware than those from other venues (47% versus 16%, P<0.001). PrEP experience was low (1.5%); 20% expressed interest in participating in future PrEP trials. Conclusions This is the first study exploring MSM PrEP awareness in Switzerland. Although overall awareness was 42%, interest in participating in future PrEP trials was low, against high frequencies of UAI and non-serosorting. If interest in using PrEP in practice is similar, alternative measures to curb HIV transmission are required in this population.
Jul 2026 DOI 10.14302/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-26-6137
Austin Lee J.Corresponding author
Introduction Contemporaneous substance abuse, violence and HIV/AIDS risks (SAVA) result in synergistic negative impacts (syndemic effects). Presence of and risks for syndemic SAVA conditions are common among emergency department (ED) patients, however research on these inter-related processes is limited in sub-Saharan Africa. This study utilizes structural equation modeling to examine the relationships of syndemic SAVA conditions among persons seeking emergency injury care in Nairobi, Kenya. Methods This secondary analysis of a prospective observational study examined SAVA syndemic conditions among non-pregnant, adult ED injury patients able to provide consent at Kenyatta National Hospital. Structural equation modeling using diagonally weighted least squares (DWLS), was used to quantify associations between three latent variables (substance use, HIV risks, violence exposure). HIV risk included partner HIV status, men who have sex with men (MSM), and gay identities; violence exposure covered emotional, physical or sexual violence in the past six months; substance use encompassed positive screening for alcohol use disorder, poly-substance use, injection drug use and injury-related substance use. Model fitness was assessed using the Bentler-Bonett Normalized Fit Index (BB NFI), Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) (>0.9) and standardized root mean square residual (SRMSR) (< 0.05). Covariance between the latent factors was estimated. Results Among 2,368 screened ED patients, 665 were enrolled. Males were 83% of the sample; median age was 30 years (IQR: 24-38). Fit indices using DWLS showed a close fitting model (GFI=0.99, BB NFI=0.95, SRMSR=0.04). The indicator variables had significant loadings on two of the three syndemic factors (substance use and violence exposure, β range 0.10-0.95); in the SEM only MSM status had a significant loading on HIV risk, which was insufficient to confirm the identification of the latent factor. Violence exposure and substance use risk had significant positive covariance (0.30, p<0.001). Discussion and Conclusion This study provides the first available data from ED patients in sub-Saharan Africa on SAVA conditions, showing a co-relationship of violence exposure and substance use but no significant associations with HIV risk. These results can be used to inform programmatic interventions for higher-risk persons addressing synergistic conditions during emergency care.