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Jun 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2381-862X.jwrh-24-5099
Schwarz SilkeCorresponding author
Parents' and siblings’ role model motivation and function could play an important role in positively influencing both their own media behavior and that of family members. To investigate whether parents and siblings consciously take on this role model function, their intentions were being evaluated with a standardized questionnaire before a 6-week media fasting intervention. 135 pairs of parents and 178 pairs of children were included. A major component of the parents' media fasting intention to media fast was to be a role model for their children. This was particularly related to the idea that media fasting has something cleansing about it, as well as the hope of becoming more attentive and calm as a family. These parents seem to want to strengthen family cohesion and climate and protect their children from excessive media consumption. Children who want to be role models for their parents also intend to have a positive influence within the family and want to be role models for their siblings. Regression analyses revealed several predictors of the parents' intent for role model function: the hope of becoming more attentive and calm as a family, the view that media fasting has something cleansing about it, and the perception that it is good for one's children to use less digital screen media, and, inversely, age (R2 =.35). The best predictors of the corresponding intention among the children were the desire to be a role model for their siblings, for the family to do more together again and, as for the parents, a younger age (R2=.57). The intentions of both groups are different, but the possibility of using less media is perceived as sensible. The role model function appears to be a relevant motivating and influencing factor regarding the conscious use of digital screen media and regulation of screen time. This should be taken into account when developing interventions.
Feb 2021 DOI 10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-21-3709
Howells KristyCorresponding author
Canterbury Christ Church University, UK.
Background Children need to drink enough water (1.1-1.3 litres) throughout the day to stay hydrated and for health benefits1. Wellbeing and cognitive function benefits have been identified for children who are hydrated2. Yet there is a dearth of research focusing specifically on children’s perceptions of their own fluid intake levels and who helps support them in ensuring they are drinking enough water, this is a novel area to investigate. Previous research3 identified that 44.2% of young children’s fluid intake were influenced the strongest by a family member. This paper will explore in further detail the influence of siblings on children’s fluid intake, in particular older versus younger siblings. Methods 130 children (67 girls and 63 boys, of which 45 had a younger sibling (s) and 85 having an elder sibling(s), from 4 primary schools in the South East of England, were questioned between January and April 2019 using an adapted version of Coppinger and Howells’ (2019)4 questionnaire, on their understanding of fluid intake, how much they perceived they drank and who supported them in prompting them to drink. Physical visual representations were used to aid question comprehension and to ensure the questions were appropriate for young children. The data was analysed using SPSS 24.0 using MANOVAs (P < 0.05) to consider statistical variance in gender and older sibling status. Results The most significant results were linked to elder siblings influence younger siblings in drinking too little fluids within a school day (F=0.530, p<0.05), whilst those without an elder sibling, thought they drank beyond the daily recommended guidelines and reported they drank over 2 litres. This illustrates that children misunderstand fluid intake recommendations regardless of whether they have an elder sibling or not. Children named adults, both parents and teachers as well as elder siblings as the key influencers of them drinking (F=3.67, p<0.05) and the data indicated that girls were more influenced by siblings than boys, whilst twins were not influenced by each other. Conclusion It is concluded that siblings do have an influence on the consumption of water, as siblings act as role models and other siblings follow their habits, therefore the whole family unit is important to ensure that the right fluid intake is consumed. It is recommended that further education, curriculum and community development is needed to continue to support young children’s knowledge and understanding of fluid intake.
Oct 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.3070-2313.jeh-25-5757
P. Austin DavidCorresponding author
The Ames dwarf mice have a recessive mutation of the PROP-1 gene that produces hereditary dwarfism. The abnormality is responsible for an anterior-pituitary deficiency that results in a substantial reduction of growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and prolactin. These mice are smaller in size than their normal siblings but live approximately twice as long. The normal siblings do not have the mutation, and therefore still have the typical levels of the three hormones. The purpose of the present research was to determine if the reduced hormones in the Ames dwarf mice affected their ability to learn and delayed the age-related loss of memory. In general, the hypotheses proposed indicate that there will be no significant differences on the tasks in regards to the genotype or the age of the mice. These hypotheses would support previous research and suggest a delay in the age-related loss of memory and the ability to learn in the Ames dwarf mice. Learning was assessed using a matching-to-sample procedure, while memory was evaluated using a modified radial-arm procedure. Generally, the age of the animals had little to do with their performance on any of the tasks. Taken together, the overall results showed no significant differences in accuracy between any of the groups of mice or a behavioral decline as the mice age. The present results are consistent with the theory of a delayed age-related behavioral decline in the Ames dwarf mice.
Dec 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-24-5358
Kar SonaliCorresponding author
Background Injuries, particularly unintentional ones, are a neglected public health concern and are preventable or avoidable. Children in urban slums are especially vulnerable due to hazardous living conditions, inadequate supervision, and lack of safe sojourns or play areas. Since these injuries result in seeming spontaneous recovery, appropriate care being initiated by the primary care giver is questionable. Objective To assess the burden of unintentional injuries of unintentional injuries in pre-school going children aged 2-6 years in urban slums of Bhubaneswar, Odisha. To compare the knowledge of the 1st level care post-injury among the primary care givers against standardized prescribed care. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was conducted for over 2 years in urban slums under the Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation (BMC), the capital city of Odisha. A total of 285 children aged 2-6 years, whose mothers consented to participate, were included in the study. Data regarding the type of injury and its management, as well as, associated socio-demographic factors, were collected using a pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used to derive the burden of unintentional injuries in children. The knowledge of the 1st level of care to be given after the common injuries was assessed among all the primary caregivers to detect the treatment and care gap. Results The majority of primary respondents were mothers aged 21-30 years (82.1%), The frequency of an episode of unintentional injury (occurrence in last 3 months) in the study population was found to be 58%. The most common type of injury reported was skin lacerations or tears, common site being in the upper and lower limbs. Males were more affected as compared to females (54.64 %) The reporting of unintentional injuries among the children was found to have significant association with the occupation of the father. Fathers who were unemployed or working as unskilled labor, their child’s probability of reporting an unintentional injury was found to be high, with p value coming to be statistically significant. Conclusion The study highlights the complex interplay of sociodemographic factors influencing unintentional injuries among children in urban slums and the need to create awareness among the primary caregivers, about the immediate management, so that chronic complications may be averted. It is difficult to avert injury as this age group is agile and nowadays supervision is challenging. Still, the knowledge of management would not just empower the caregiver, but also the growing child, who can attend to their younger siblings or themselves, whenever they get injured next. Further research with larger sample sizes is warranted to validate these findings and develop effective prevention strategies.
Aug 2021 DOI 10.14302/issn.2644-1101.jhp-20-3655
Kayani SumairaCorresponding author
Ph.D. Zhejiang University China
The present study examined the effects emotional intelligence on self-Efficacy of tertiary education students. Two scales Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Scale 44 and Schwarzer & Jerusalem Self Efficacy Scale 47 were used. The pilot study was conducted to assess the reliability of the instrument and main study was conducted to assess the results on sample of the study. A sample of 50 students (25 males, 25 females) were taken from universities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Both questionnaire were administered to the sample. The psychometric properties of pilot study were found satisfactory. In second phase main study was conducted which considered of sample of 200 university students (100 males and 100 females). The psychometric properties of main study were also satisfactory. Scores were analysed using SPSS software. Results of demographic variables such as age, birth order, mother education, father education and number of siblings are positively correlated with both scales and sub scales. The results were significant at (p<0.05) of mean differences with gender, education and family system. This survey consists of three hypotheses, which were accepted.
Jun 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2640-690X.jfm-19-2767
Venkateshwari AnanthapurCorresponding author
Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Recurrent pregnancy loss is an important reproductive issue with a heterogeneous etiology where two or more consecutive abortions occur before 20 weeks of gestation. Approximately 15% of all clinically recognized pregnancies result in miscarriage with an incidence of 1 in 300 cases. Couples, who experience repeated pregnancy loss before three months of gestation, mostly have fetuses with chromosomal aneuploids. A non-consanguineous couple with a married life of 4 years was referred to the Institute with a clinical history of three first trimester abortions. Karyotype analysis revealed a balanced autosomal translocation between chromosomes 4 and 6 with 46, XX, t (4;6)(q35; q22) karyotype in the female and normal 46, XY in the male partner. Therefore, the siblings and the couple were suggested for extended genetic counseling. Interestingly, similar translocation was seen in her father and three sisters, whereas her mother and elder sister showed a normal chromosomal constitution, indicating the paternal inheritance.