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Apr 2020
Stanley Raj A.Corresponding author
Department of Physics, Loyola College, Chennai, Tamilnadu- 600034, India.
Geoelectrical resistivity data is used for estimating the subsurface features of earth. It is very difficult to estimate the depth and true resistivity analytically, therefore many mathematical models approximates the result. The approximation relies on many parameters as the heterogenous model of earth is difficult to map. Conventional interpretation algorithm mostly uses the forward modelling technique which is limited for different lithologies. Here we presented ResinvANFIS v1.0 software platform to invert any type (A, Q, K, H or any mixed data types) of resistivity data having AB/2 and apparent resistivity data as input. This kind of generalised platform has not been done elsewhere to invert data directly using soft computing approach.
Jan 2019
Excessive variability in behavioral performance and neuronal activation is a common finding in studies of schizophrenia. Recent evidence suggests that this may be due to an imbalance in the ratio of excitation to inhibition in brain function, or E/I imbalance. We used computational modeling of visual system activity to determine whether different potential causes of E/I imbalance would generate effects resembling those reported in schizophrenia. Three major findings emerged. First, reductions in retinal and lateral geniculate nucleus signaling initially led to increases in firing rate variability within the context of reduced V1 activation; however, with prolonged adaptation to weakened sensory signaling, compensatory hyper-activation in V1 neurons occurred, but variability was no longer increased. Second, direct increases in V1 excitation, or decreases in inhibition, led to the highest levels of initial activation but not variability; however, with prolonged inhibitory adaptation to increased excitation, overall activity was no longer elevated, but an increase in firing rate variability was observed. Third, the greatest fluctuation in firing rate variability, in response to the same stimulus across increasing contrast levels, was observed with reductions in sensory signaling, but only immediately after model perturbations; with prolonged adaption, the largest fluctuations were associated with increased excitation or reduced inhibition within V1. Implication of these findings are that schizophrenia-related increases in neuronal response variability may arise from at least two sources: 1) weakened sensory signaling and its associated low signal-to-noise ratio; and 2) compensatory but incomplete inhibitory responses to continuous increases in cortical excitation.
Jul 2026 DOI 10.14302/issn.2470-0436.jos-26-6357
Awan MuhammadCorresponding author
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) is a manifestation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation involving the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, carrying significant risk of vision-threatening complications. Diplopia in HZO is often attributed to cranial nerve palsy, although orbital myositis remains a rare and underrecognized cause. We present a 79-year-old male who developed right-sided headache, binocular diplopia, and a V1 vesicular rash two weeks after receiving the recombinant zoster vaccine. Examination revealed restriction of extraocular movements without a localizing cranial nerve pattern, raising suspicion for orbital myositis. Neuroimaging was unremarkable, and VZV polymerase chain reaction confirmed the diagnosis of HZO. The patient received antiviral therapy and was discharged in stable condition after three days. This case highlights HZO presenting with suspected orbital myositis in temporal association with vaccination and underscores the need for vigilance for uncommon neuro-ophthalmic manifestations, as early recognition and treatment are essential to prevent vision-threatening complications. Given the patient's advanced age, this case also emphasizes the possibility that age-related immunosenescence may contribute to VZV reactivation and the development of HZO-related ocular complications. Potential therapeutic approaches targeting age-related immune dysfunction are also considered.
Apr 2026 DOI 10.14302/issn.2640-6403.jtrr-26-6077
Kalmeta MargaretCorresponding author
Delayed wound healing in diabetes is characterized by impaired angiogenesis, persistent inflammation, extracellular matrix dysregulation, and peripheral neuropathy. A preclinical study was conducted using a diabetic mouse delayed wound model to evaluate the surrounding tissue of a wound, (its periwound) and its tissue responses following treatment with the NerveStim™ Neuropathy System, a combination topical gel and neuromuscular electrical stimulation platform. Periwound tissue was harvested at Day 14 and analyzed using NanoString gene expression profiling. Treated animals demonstrated visibly increased periwound tissue thickness compared to untreated controls. Differential expression analysis identified 76 significantly upregulated and 17 downregulated genes. Upregulated pathways included angiogenesis (Vegfa, Fgf2, Pdgfb, Nos3), neurotrophic signaling (Ngf, Bdnf, Scn9a, Trpv1), macrophage polarization (Arg1, Mrc1, Il10), and extracellular matrix remodeling (Col1a1, Col3a1, Mmp9, Timp1). Downregulation of select pro-inflammatory mediators (Nos2, Mif) was observed. These coordinated transcriptional changes are consistent with activation of reparative immune, neurovascular, and matrix remodeling pathways in diabetic periwound tissue.
Jun 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2374-9431.jbd-24-5077
Isea RaúlCorresponding author
Dengue is a global arbovirus disease primarily carried by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. It has four serotypes (DENV1, DENV2, DENV3, and DENV4) and is classified into distinct genotypes. The epidemic is complicated by immunological interactions and viral lineage turnover. Neurological problems are commonly associated with DENV2 and DENV3, with DENV2 displaying the most severe symptoms. Direct viral invasion, host-mediated immune system reactions, or host-mediated metabolic alterations can all result in dengue-related neurological issues. The three dengue vaccinations and the significance of meta-analyses for genetic data will also be covered. Finally, establish a connection with the microRNAs associated with dengue fever, creating new opportunities for the creation of dengue treatment regimens involving microRNAs.
Jun 2022 DOI 10.14302/issn.2642-9241.jrd-22-4181
K. Al Miraj A.Corresponding author
Research Assistant, Dept of Vascular Surgery, BSM Medical University Dhaka, Bangladesh
Introduction Worldwide, the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a major public health concern; On the basis of epidemiologic data, by 2020, COPD will be the third leading cause of death worldwide. Objective To assess the frequency of Microalbuminuria and the presence of Hypoxemia in patients with COPD. Materials and Methods Study Design Cross-sectional observational study. Place of Study Department of Medicine & Respiratory Medicine in Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH). Study Period Six months after approval of the protocol Study Population Patient suffering from COPD and admitted in Department of Medicine & Respiratory medicine, DMCH, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Total 100 samples were included in this study. COPD usually presents with a history of chronic cough with sputum production or exertional breathlessness which may be associated with relevant clinical findings and a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC less than 0.7. In most cases it is associated with smoking Results Total 100 patients of COPD were included in the study. Mean age was 58.16±5.4 years ranging from 50 to 74 years. Out of 100 patients, majority (42%) were from age group 55 to 60 years. Among all, 82% patients were male and 18% were female, of 100 patients, majority (30%) were day laborer. Only 2% were unemployed. The percentage of housewives was 18%. Other 34% were businessman and service holders. COPD severity was assessed using GOLD guideline. Out of 100 COPD patients, 38% had severe COPD (GOLD stage III). 16 % patients were in mild (Stage I) and 32% patients were in moderate stage (Stage II). The condition was very severe for 14% patients (Stage IV). Of 100 COPD patients, 30% had microalbuminuria. Among 100 COPD patients, chance of microalbuminuria increases among COPD patients with the increase of age significantly. There is smoking history of 36 pack year for COPD patients with microalbuminuria. Of 100 patients 26% were hypoxemic. The average forced expiratory volume (FEV1%) was 37.40 with standard deviation 14.48 for patients with microalbuminuria. The PaO2 and PaCO2 is 63.06 with standard deviation 7.09 and 46.09 with standard deviation 2.43 for COPD patients with microalbuminuria respectively. All of these characteristics are significant with p-value 0.00. However, the body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were not found significant. The patients who had PaO2 less than 70 mmHg were considered hypoxemic. The patients who had microalbuminuria among them 87% were hypoxemic. Only 13% patients were free from hypoxemia who had microalbuminuria. Patients without microalbuminuria had no history of hypoxemia. There is significant relation exists between hypoxemia and the presence of microalbuminuria (p<0.5). Conclusion In this study, about one-fourth of the patients have hypoxemia and more than one fourth of the patients have microalbuminuria. Stage III was more frequent among the study population but there was no association between severity grading and presence of microalbuminuria. However, significant relation is found between co-existence of both microalbuminuria and hypoxemia in COPD patients.
Nov 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-4526.jddd-19-3063
I Alvarez-Leite JacquelineCorresponding author
Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerias, Brazil.
Most of the patients with inflammatory bowel disease avoid pepper or spicy food, alleging that this condiment causes anal sensation of burning and accelerates intestinal movements. Capsaicin is the main bioactive component of peppers responsible for the pungent flavor that characterizes red peppers. Capsaicin has been related to several biological effects, including decreased body fat, antianti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant activites and modulator of intestinal motility. These actions mostly are due to its role as an agonist of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), expressed in the mesenteric nervous system and epithelial cells of the colon. Nonetheless, the anti-inflammatory action of capsaicin is also related to its role in activating the peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). Topical capsaicin formulations are already used for pain management, but oral administration of capsaicin is rare. Here, we discuss the main actions of capsaicin that could interfere with the symptoms and severity of IBD. Although animal experiments suggest a beneficial effect of capsaicin on colitis, clinical studies exploring the potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory of capsaicin on Crohn or Ulcerative Colitis are scarce. We concluded that there is no evidence that capsaicin aggravates IBD symptoms or severity. On the opposite, experimental studies suggest that capsaicin could reduce intestinal inflammation by a mechanism that could involve not only the TRPV1 receptor but also PPAR γ. However, clinical studies are still scarce, and data regarding capsaicin concentrations, routes of administration, and long-term side-effects need to be better understood before its use.
Aug 2018
Sh. Badawy M.Corresponding author
Chest Department, Qena Faculty of medicine, South Valley University, Egypt
Background: Co-morbidities are associated with increasing risk of mortality, hospitalizations and costs of treatment in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease patients. Identification of Co- morbidities related to COPD phenotypes may guide individualized therapies and achieve better prognosis. Methods: A prospective study of one hundred ten patients of confirmed COPD diagnosis were carried out and divided into five different phenotypes with related co-morbidities. History taking, clinical examination, Chest X-ray, Computed chest Tomography, laboratory investigations, arterial blood gas, Echocardiography and Electrocardiography were done for all patients. St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire, COPD assessment test (CAT score) and BODEx (BMI, FEV1, dyspnea and exacerbations) were used for assessment of disease impact on quality of life, severity, and exacerbation respectively. Results: Emphysema group were 31% among all cases with mean age 61.8±9.1, frequent exacerbator group and Chronic bronchitis phenotype were 18% with mean age 64.4±11.3, and 48.8±9 respectively. COPD with bronchiectasis group were 19% with mean age 60.3±6 and Asthma COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS) were 12% with mean age 62.8±15.8. There was significant difference as regards age between different group of phenotypes P- value <0.001. There was significance difference in BODEx index and in (CAT) score among different COPD phenotypes P-value 0.020, 0.001 respectively. There was significant difference in all items of SGRQ among different COPD phenotypes P–value 0.001. Diabetes was commonly presented in 50 % ACOS cases, Ischemic heart disease was present more in Emphysema 22.9%, Osteoporosis was more in COPD with bronchiectasis 28.6%, Cor-pulmonale was more present in frequent excerbator 65%, and Anemia more common in COPD with bronchiectasis 23.8%. Depression was more common in frequent excerbator phenotype (45.0 %). Gastro-esophageal reflux was the most common co-morbidities (58 %) then cor-pulmonale 41.8%, systemic hypertension 40 % and pulmonary hypertension 28%. Conclusion: The presence of significant co-morbidities is important modifying risk factors for severity in COPD. They contribute to the overall severity in individual patients, have a major impact on quality of life, and major causes of hospitalization. Co-morbidities can be associated with any clinical phenotype.
Mar 2018 DOI 10.14302/issn.2642-9241.jrd-18-1958
Ba T TaCorresponding author
Military Hospital 103
Background Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) has been applied in COPD patients with heterogeneous emphysema. In this first clinical trial in Vietnam, we evaluated the safety and initial results of BLVR by one-way valve in COPD patients with severe emphysema. Methods We performed a prospective, nonrandomized, single center longitudinal study in 30 stable COPD patients with heterogeneous severe emphysema on CT-scanner, the average age of 65.17 years old, FEV1≤35 %pred., TLC ≥ 100 %pred., RV ≥ 150 %pred. and 6MWT < 450 meters. The Zephyr one-way bronchial valves (PulmonX, Redwood City, CA, USA) with the size of 5.5 mm and 4mm were placed in lobar or segmental bronchi via flexible bronchoscopy. 28 patients were placed only one valve, 1 patient with two and 1 patient with three valves. 23 valves with the size 5.5 mm diameters and 10 valves with the size 4.0mm used. All patients received optimal medical treatment at the time of procedure and during the study period. Outcomes will be assessed at 3 months after treatment include the changes of clinic, and lung function, the occurrence of complications. Results After 3 months, mean CAT scores decreased significantly compared with before procedure (17.73 ± 3.53 vs 20.10 ± 3.58) (p<0.05), with the median change of 2.73 points and the improvement more than 2 points in 76.67% of patients. 6 MWT increased at 3 months with mean 32.13 meters, 93.33% of the patients increased 6MWT, 46.67% of the patients increased 6MWT more than 26 meters. MRC decreased with the median change of 0.5 score. VC decreased by a mean 0.2 (L) (0.42 - 0.02), FEV1 increased by a mean 0.05 (L) (0.04 - 0.05) but not statistically significant (p>0.05); FVC increased by a mean 0.14 (L) (0.01 - 0.28), RV decreased by a mean 0.62 (L) (1.05 - 0.2), TLC decreased by a mean 0.52 (L) (0.77- 2.4) with statistically significant (P<0.05). The early complications were 13.33%, the later complications were 23.34% of the patients. Conclusions The unilateral bronchoscopic lung volume reduction with one-way valve (mainly one valve) in treatment of heterogeneous severe emphysema in stable COPD patients in Viet Nam have shown that this procedure is safe with encouraging initial results.
Sep 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-17-1694
Coulibaly R BereteCorresponding author
Ophthalmology Department of University Hospital of Treichville
Introduction: Squamous cell carcinomas of the conjunctiva (SCC) are rare neoplasia but have a high rate of increase and a high rate of mortality, especially when they occur in the context of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. The objective of this study was to establish an epidemiological and clinical profile of SCC in patients living with HIV and to assess its evolutionary characteristics. Patients and Methods: this was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out over a period of 5 years in the ophthalmology department of the University Hospital of Treichville. The data collected focused on epidemiological, clinical, pathological, therapeutic and evolutionary elements. Twenty tree eyes of 23 patients were examined during this period. Results: The average age of our patients was 45 years with extremes ranging from 31 to 60 years. A female predominance was observed with a sex ratio of 0.92. The average consultation period was 18 months with extremes ranging from 6 to 60 months. Physically, 35% of our eyes (08 eyes) presented a functional loss of the eye. All our patients had a HIV positive status with 16 cases of HIV1 infection, 4 cases of HIV 2 infection and 3 cases of HIV 1 and 2 co-infection. Lymphocyte typing was performed for 15 patients out of the 23 With CD4 cell counts ˂ 200 in 30.43% of cases, between 200 and 500 in 34.78% of cases. All our tumors had had biopsy excision with pathological examination. A postoperative adjuvant topical chemotherapy in 6 cases. The average follow-up period of our patients was 29 months. In all cases, it was invasive differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Discussion: HIV infection is a risk factor for the occurrence of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma, but it is also an aggravating factor especially in the case of low CD4 cell count, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where the fight against infection, although boosted in these recent years, is far to achieve all objectives Conclusion: HIV seroprevalence is very often associated with opportunistic infections which include carcinogenic processes such as squamous cell carcinomas of the conjunctiva
Nov 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-16-1271
S. J. B. TougooumaCorresponding author
Introduction The cardiovascular complications have became the 3rd cause of death and the 4th reason for hospitalization of the patients infected by the HIV. The objective of this work was to determine the frequency of asymptomatic myocardial ischemia among patients infected by the HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy. Patients and Methods It was a descriptive cross-sectional study which was conducted in November 2015. The patients infected by HIV1 receiving antiretroviral treatment, with asymptomatic myocardial ischemia were included in the study and they were followed up in the HIV clinic of the in Infectious diseases service of the University Hospital Souro Sanou of Bobo-Dioulasso(CHUSS).. The includes patients benefited from a collection of cardiovascular risk factors, and of two measurements of the blood pressure in a sitting position after 10 minutes of rest and an electrocardiogram 12 derivations after rest. Results A total sample of 123 patients infected by HIV1 was selected, with a median age of 42 years (IQR: 36-50). It was composed of 79% of female. The cardiovascular risk factors found were distributed as follows: HTA (31.7%), obesity (33%), dyslipidemia (10.57%), active smoking (0.8%), diabetes (0.8%). All the known hypertensive cases (5.7%) were insufficiently treated. The median duration of exposure to the antiretroviral therapy was 5.3 years (IIQ: 3-7.7). The disorders of the repolarization were observed in 26 cases (21.13%). They were divided into under epicardic ischemia in 20 cases (16.26%), under endocardic lesion in 2 cases (1.63%) and after-effect of necrosis in 4 cases (3.25%). The Left ventricular hypertrophywas observed in 12 cases (9.76%) and all of them were hypertensive patients. QTc was lengthened among 7 patients (5.69%) independently of the class of antiretroviral therapy administrated. Conclusion In this study about patients infected by HIV1, it emerges that asymptomatic myocardial ischemia is frequent. It would be advisable to reinforce its tracking by using more powerful tests of ischemia, in order to better specify its gravity in this population with an increased cardiovascular risk.