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Nov 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-4526.jddd-19-3063
I Alvarez-Leite JacquelineCorresponding author
Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerias, Brazil.
Most of the patients with inflammatory bowel disease avoid pepper or spicy food, alleging that this condiment causes anal sensation of burning and accelerates intestinal movements. Capsaicin is the main bioactive component of peppers responsible for the pungent flavor that characterizes red peppers. Capsaicin has been related to several biological effects, including decreased body fat, antianti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant activites and modulator of intestinal motility. These actions mostly are due to its role as an agonist of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), expressed in the mesenteric nervous system and epithelial cells of the colon. Nonetheless, the anti-inflammatory action of capsaicin is also related to its role in activating the peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). Topical capsaicin formulations are already used for pain management, but oral administration of capsaicin is rare. Here, we discuss the main actions of capsaicin that could interfere with the symptoms and severity of IBD. Although animal experiments suggest a beneficial effect of capsaicin on colitis, clinical studies exploring the potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory of capsaicin on Crohn or Ulcerative Colitis are scarce. We concluded that there is no evidence that capsaicin aggravates IBD symptoms or severity. On the opposite, experimental studies suggest that capsaicin could reduce intestinal inflammation by a mechanism that could involve not only the TRPV1 receptor but also PPAR γ. However, clinical studies are still scarce, and data regarding capsaicin concentrations, routes of administration, and long-term side-effects need to be better understood before its use.
Jan 2018
J Gonzalez MichaelCorresponding author
University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, School of Public Health, San Juan, Puerto Rico
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. In the United States, is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women. In Puerto Rico between 2008 and 2012, breast cancer was the most diagnosed type of cancer and the leading cause of cancer deaths among women. This is a case of 54 years old female diagnosed with stage IV right breast carcinoma. The patient complaints were weakness and a right breast ulcer. She started a metabolic correction therapy, which consisted of high intravenous vitamin C infusions, a nutritional supplementation plan, and Paleolithic diet. During treatment, both Glycohemoglobin and Carcinoembryonic Antigen levels decreased significantly, the right breast ulcer decreased in size, and the patient’s quality of life improved. Over the years, vitamin C studies have demonstrated a cytotoxic action against malignant cells. Based on the results from this case, we advocate continue studying possible adjuvant treatments for cancer patients, involving IV infusions of vitamin C and metabolic correction plans.
Aug 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2690-4721.ijcm-17-1676
W. Taylor-Robinson AndrewCorresponding author
School of Health, Medical & Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
Malaria is a mosquito-transmitted infectious disease caused by intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. In the absence of prompt and appropriate treatment contraction of primary infection by a human being often represents a medical emergency since it may progress rapidly to life-threatening complications. Exposure to parasites activates the immune system resulting in, among other effects, the release of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI). This has the potential to induce oxidative damage, thereby causing cellular destruction, and hence to have a severe effect on vital organs of the body. Overexpression of ROI leads to immunosuppression and is a causal factor in the development of malaria-related disease symptoms. However, the body possesses various defence mechanisms, notably including the production of antioxidants, which are capable of reducing the cellular effects of ROI. Antioxidants are either sourced exogenously from the diet or synthesized through different intracellular mechanisms. Antioxidants that include glutathione peroxidase, catalase, EDTA and vitamin C suppress the initial production of ROI. Others such as uric acid, superoxide dismutase and vitamin E may also inhibit potentially damaging products of ROI metabolism. Current anti-malarial drugs often have damaging side-effects, as exemplified by memory impairment following treatment for cerebral malaria. Recent studies have explored the potential use of antioxidants alone or in combination with anti-malarials as a therapeutic means to negate Plasmodium-induced oxidative stress and its associated metabolic complications. It is indicated that when utilized in an adjuvant capacity antioxidants of natural and synthetic origin may improve anti-malarial therapy by causing less damage to the host during malaria infection.
Apr 2014 DOI 10.14302/issn.2377-2549.jndc-13-329
Kumar Dinda AmitCorresponding author
Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences,Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029 (INDIA)
The aim of the study was to synthesize sub-100nm poly-ε-caprolactone nanoparticles (PCL NP), load them with the mycobacterial protein, ESAT 6 and study the resulting immune responses in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells when incubated with human peripheral blood monocyte derived macrophages that had internalized the PCL NP. The synthesized PCL NP were characterized for size, shape and charge. They were found to be about 60nm in size with spherical shape. MTT assay revealed that the particles were perfectly biocompatible when tested in vitro on THP1 human monocytic cell line. The particles had a slow protein release kinetics and did not degrade appreciably even after 30 days in buffer solution. ELISA was used to quantify the cytokine response of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells when incubated with the monocyte derived macrophages as antigen presenting cells. The result of antigen presentation assay revealed that the antigen loaded PCL NP enhanced Th1 and CD8+ T cell responses significantly compared to the pure antigen. Thus we conclude that PCL NP of 60nm size can be effectively tested as a vaccine adjuvant with resulting activation of Th1/Th2 immunity as well as cytotoxic T cell response.
Jan 2026 DOI 10.14302/issn.2470-0436.jos-25-5905
Al-Yarabi MohammedCorresponding author
Purpose To report a rare case of Mooren’s ulcer in a healthy young male without systemic autoimmune disease, and to highlight the effectiveness of conjunctival resection as therapy for cases unresponsive to medical management. Case report A 34-year-old immunocompetent male presented with progressive peripheral corneal ulceration in the left eye. Extensive systemic and infectious evaluations, including rheumatologic, immunologic, and microbiological testing, were unremarkable. Human leukocyte antigen genotyping was DR17(03)-negative and DQ2-positive. Rheumatological evaluation yielded no definitive systemic diagnosis. Despite immunosuppressive therapy with adjuvant medications, the epithelial defect and stromal inflammation persisted. The patient underwent conjunctival resection, resulting in marked reduction in inflammation, rapid re-epithelialization, and structural stabilization of the cornea. Histopathology of excised conjunctiva showed nonspecific inflammation without granulomatous changes, vasculitis, or neoplastic features. During follow-up, patient remained in remission with visual acuity preserved at 6/6 bilaterally and no recurrence. Conclusion Mooren’s ulcer is rare but vision-threatening. Early recognition, comprehensive evaluation, and timely surgical intervention can be vision-saving. This case highlights the role of a multidisciplinary approach and supports conjunctival resection as a useful adjunct in refractory disease. Long-term follow-up is essential.
Dec 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-4496.jtc-25-5497
Silva FriedaCorresponding author
Our study gathered information on the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term outcome in adult and pediatric Hispanic patients with Well Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Methods We performed a retrospective review of the clinical and imaging nuclear medicine records of cases of WDTC evaluated and treated in the Nuclear Medicine CLINICc. Evaluation included the clinical PROFILE, histology, radioiodine (RAI) therapies and treatment response, long-term outcome and survival. The data was ASSESED using the 2015 ATA Risk level guidelines and recommendations. Results Three hundred eleven cases were reviewed, 81% females, 19% males, median age of 41 years. Eleven percent (34 patients) of the patients were in the pediatric group and 49% were between 16-45 years. The tumor histology was 60.5% Papillary, 28.2% Papillary-Follicular variant and 11.3% Follicular type. All patients had a total thyroidectomy. A total of 287 (92%) of the patients were treated with RAI. The median RAI dose was 128 mCi. Patients in the low risk group received a dose range of 25-105 mCi, 73 cases in the intermediate RISK group received 106-160mCi and 104 cases in the high-risk group received doses greater than 160 mCi. The overall median cumulative dose was 151 mCi (55-926 mCi). Annual follow up was done in all cases , WITH A median follow-up OF 5-10 years. Residual functioning tissue in the neck was found in 52% of the cases by US and/or RAI imaging. of those, 43% belonged to the low risk group, while 57% were in the intermediate and high-risk groupS. The mean treatment dose received by those with persistent functional thyroid tissue in the neck was 157 mCi. Recurrent disease was found in 15% of the patients, 85% of them belonged to the intermediate and high-risk GROUPS. Forty-seven percent of the patients with recurrent disease had residual disease. Conclusion We believe ablative and/or adjuvant RAI treatment early in the disease is important to decrease residual thyroid tissue and/or residual disease, and to improve disease-free survival. We recommend total thyroid surgery in all tumors above 1 cm, post-operative evaluation with RAI Whole Body (with 123-I or 131-I), planar and SPECT/CT imaging and RAI ablation to remnant tissue. Follow-up post treatment evaluation is also recommended.
May 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.2379-8572.joa-25-5504
Hachemi MohamedCorresponding author
Introduction Angiosarcoma is a rare malignant tumour from fast-evolving and aggressive vascular endothelial cells that accounts for 1% of all sarcomas. The sinus location of angiosarcoma is exceptional. The clinical polymorphism of this tumour may cause a delay in diagnosis. Risk factors are not always understood. However, a history of radiation therapy for locoregional cancer and/or lymphedema is most commonly found. The prognosis remains bleak with an overall five-year survival of 35 to 40%. Objectives The authors discuss the diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic modalities and difficulties of this tumour. Observation: The authors report a case of maxillary sinus angiosarcoma confirmed by radio-induced secondary CD34 immunohistological staining in a 40-year-old man having a history of hemangioendothelioma treated with conservative endoscopic surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy 15 months earlier. Discussion This lesion is rare in the ENT sphere and may be confused with a benign tumor in its early stages. Only histological examination with immunohistochemistry can confirm the diagnosis (factor VIII, CD34 and CD31 antigens). Treatment consists of a wide resection followed by radiotherapy, hence the need for early diagnosis in the metastatic phase, first-line treatments include doxorubicin or paclitaxel weekly. Conclusion Radio-induced angiosarcoma is a rare malignant tumour, it occurs in patients who have received conservative treatment and radiation therapy for nasosinusitis cancers. Angiosarcomas of the nasal passages remain a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to their local and general aggressiveness.
Jun 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2998-4785.ijne-24-5128
Bajaj AnubhaCorresponding author
A brief case communication discusses a rare breast carcinoma subtype, summarizing pathology features, imaging, and considerations for surgical and adjuvant management.
Oct 2022 DOI 10.14302/issn.2641-5518.jcci-22-4323
Y. Fernando GracieuxCorresponding author
Consultant, Section of Medical Oncology-Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Philippines-College of Medicine Philippine General Hospital, Manila
Introduction Primary sarcomas of the breast are <0.1% of all malignant tumours of the breast. To date, there are 13 major breast sarcoma series in English literature. This study adds to these series characterizing primary breast sarcoma among Philippine patients. Methods All breast biopsies from the pathology records of the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH) were searched for breast sarcoma cases from January 2000 to December 2010. Metaplastic carcinomas and phyllodes tumors were excluded. Results There were 52 patients (45 female, 7 male) ranging in age 25-83 years (median 46 years). Majority had lump, ten cases with pain. No history of previous cancer was given. No history of prior radiation was found. Histopathological diagnoses were spindle cell sarcoma (n=13), fibrosarcoma (n=6), liposarcoma (n=6), MPNST (n=5), stromal sarcoma (n=5), angiosarcoma (n=4), MFH (n=4), leiomyosarcoma (n=3), rhabdomyosarcoma (n=3), chondrosarcoma (n=2), and synovial sarcoma (n=1). Tumors were with grade 1 (n=18), grade 2 (n=8), and grade 3 (n=10). Necrosis was noted in 6 cases. Simple mastectomy was done in 19 cases (37%), MRM in 31 cases (59%), while 2 far advanced had no surgery (3%). None had adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The duration of follow-up for 45 patients ranged from 1 – 117 months, excluding those who were lost to follow-up. All 15 deaths were due to progressive disease. Recurrences were observed in 9 patients. The disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was 73%and 75%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, DFS and OS were significantly correlated with size (HR=113.63; p=0.019 and HR=77.36; p=0.037), grade (HR=20.73 ; p=0.003andHR= 39.57; p= 0.004), and having a histology of angiosarcoma (HR=35.20 ; p=0.005and HR= 50.74; p=0.007), respectively. Conclusion Sarcoma remains an important clinical entity among primary breast cancers.
Oct 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2641-7669.ject-19-3040
Kader Mohiuddin AbdulCorresponding author
Secretary & Treasurer, Dr. M. Nasirullah Memorial Trust, Tejgaon, Dhaka 1215
Many lay people along with some so called “key opinion leaders” have a common slogan “There's no answer for cancer”. Again, mistake delays proper treatment and make situation worse, more often. Compliance is crucial to obtain optimal health outcomes, such as cure or improvement in QoL. Patients may delay treatment or fail to seek care because of high out-of- pocket expenditures. Despite phenomenal development, conventional therapy falls short in cancer management. There are two major hurdles in anticancer drug development: dose-limiting toxic side effects that reduce either drug effectiveness or the QoL of patients and complicated drug development processes that are costly and time consuming. Cancer patients are increasingly seeking out alternative medicine and might be reluctant to disclose its use to their oncology treatment physicians. But there is limited available information on patterns of utilization and efficacy of alternative medicine for patients with cancer. As adjuvant therapy, many traditional medicines shown efficacy against brain, head and neck, skin, breast, liver, pancreas, kidney, bladder, prostate, colon and blood cancers. The literature reviews non-pharmacological interventions used against cancer, published trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
Sep 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-17-1694
Coulibaly R BereteCorresponding author
Ophthalmology Department of University Hospital of Treichville
Introduction: Squamous cell carcinomas of the conjunctiva (SCC) are rare neoplasia but have a high rate of increase and a high rate of mortality, especially when they occur in the context of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. The objective of this study was to establish an epidemiological and clinical profile of SCC in patients living with HIV and to assess its evolutionary characteristics. Patients and Methods: this was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out over a period of 5 years in the ophthalmology department of the University Hospital of Treichville. The data collected focused on epidemiological, clinical, pathological, therapeutic and evolutionary elements. Twenty tree eyes of 23 patients were examined during this period. Results: The average age of our patients was 45 years with extremes ranging from 31 to 60 years. A female predominance was observed with a sex ratio of 0.92. The average consultation period was 18 months with extremes ranging from 6 to 60 months. Physically, 35% of our eyes (08 eyes) presented a functional loss of the eye. All our patients had a HIV positive status with 16 cases of HIV1 infection, 4 cases of HIV 2 infection and 3 cases of HIV 1 and 2 co-infection. Lymphocyte typing was performed for 15 patients out of the 23 With CD4 cell counts ˂ 200 in 30.43% of cases, between 200 and 500 in 34.78% of cases. All our tumors had had biopsy excision with pathological examination. A postoperative adjuvant topical chemotherapy in 6 cases. The average follow-up period of our patients was 29 months. In all cases, it was invasive differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Discussion: HIV infection is a risk factor for the occurrence of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma, but it is also an aggravating factor especially in the case of low CD4 cell count, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where the fight against infection, although boosted in these recent years, is far to achieve all objectives Conclusion: HIV seroprevalence is very often associated with opportunistic infections which include carcinogenic processes such as squamous cell carcinomas of the conjunctiva
Oct 2015 DOI 10.14302/issn.2379-8572.joa-15-691
Abdel Rahman HanyCorresponding author
Departments Of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University
Background. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare disease in the pediatric age group; it represents 1% of all pediatrics malignancies, however, it is the predominant malignancy arising in the nasopharynx in this age group. Although NPC is a chemo-radiosensitive disease yet, the optimal dose of radiotherapy and optimal timing of chemotherapy is still not standardized. Methods. This is a retrospective study including all the newly diagnosed pediatric NPC who were diagnosed and treated at the Children Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE) during the period from July 2007 to December 2012. All imaging studies (e.g., CT or MRI scans) were reviewed by a senior head and neck radiologist for proper staging and assessment of tumor response. Patients were staged according to AJCC staging system. Modified version of the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor (RECIST) was used to assess response. Results. Twenty-six patients were diagnosed and received treatment as NPC in CCHE. Median age was 12 years (range 7.8-17 years). There was a male predominance. Eleven patients (42.3%) were stratified as stage 4, and 11 (42.3%) as stage 3. All patients received 3 cycles of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemo-radiotherapy. IMRT was used to deliver radiotherapy in all patients. The overall response rate (CR and PR) to induction therapy was 73%, 19.3% had SD, while 7.7% had PD. By the end of the study, 18 patients (69.2%) were alive in CR, 5 patients (19.2%) had PD, and 3 patients (10%) lost for follow up. The Mean duration of follow up was 35 months, range 5-66 months. The 3 year OS and EFS and rates were 84.6% and 69.3 % respectively. OS for M0 was 91.3% and for M1 33.3% with statistical significance (p =0.032). Conclusion. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy using IMRT lead to good clinical end results with limited toxicity. Metastatic disease at presentation was identified as the adverse prognostic factor.
May 2015 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-4496.jtc-13-347
Emilio MevioCorresponding author
Primary thyroid leiomyosarcoma, is extremely rare, with only 19 cases reported in the literature to date. Onset of the tumor, which usually develops in only one lobe of the thyroid, is sudden and the tumor spreads rapidly to surrounding tissues. Preoperative differential diagnosis is extremely difficult. The long-term prognosis for the patient is extremely poor and unrelated to treatment. Indeed, thyroidectomy and neck dissection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy have not been shown to affect rate of recurrence and long-term survival. The authors describe the case of a patient with leiomyosarcoma of the thyroid gland and review the relevant literature, considering the differential diagnoses and alternative treatment strategies.