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Feb 2026
DeRoche ChristinaCorresponding author
The current research assessed gaps and barriers related to perinatal mental health service access by parents during COVID-19, as well as service providers’ knowledge and provision of PMAD services, in one Northern community, where rural and remote healthcare is a daily reality, and recruitment and retention of qualified professionals is a significant issue. Two mixed-methods surveys were designed, one to assess PMAD knowledge and service provision via a volunteer sample of service providers, and another to assess PMAD service need and access among a volunteer sample of new parents. Results indicated that many parents waited too long for services, and some parents in need of PMAD services didn’t receive them. Interestingly, higher-income parents were more likely than lower-income respondents to desire services and support for PMADs. Although most providers screened for, were trained in, and treated and/or referred patients with PMADs, they reported feeling as though they were working in silos, unaware of what other providers offered.
Jun 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2381-862X.jwrh-24-5099
Schwarz SilkeCorresponding author
Parents' and siblings’ role model motivation and function could play an important role in positively influencing both their own media behavior and that of family members. To investigate whether parents and siblings consciously take on this role model function, their intentions were being evaluated with a standardized questionnaire before a 6-week media fasting intervention. 135 pairs of parents and 178 pairs of children were included. A major component of the parents' media fasting intention to media fast was to be a role model for their children. This was particularly related to the idea that media fasting has something cleansing about it, as well as the hope of becoming more attentive and calm as a family. These parents seem to want to strengthen family cohesion and climate and protect their children from excessive media consumption. Children who want to be role models for their parents also intend to have a positive influence within the family and want to be role models for their siblings. Regression analyses revealed several predictors of the parents' intent for role model function: the hope of becoming more attentive and calm as a family, the view that media fasting has something cleansing about it, and the perception that it is good for one's children to use less digital screen media, and, inversely, age (R2 =.35). The best predictors of the corresponding intention among the children were the desire to be a role model for their siblings, for the family to do more together again and, as for the parents, a younger age (R2=.57). The intentions of both groups are different, but the possibility of using less media is perceived as sensible. The role model function appears to be a relevant motivating and influencing factor regarding the conscious use of digital screen media and regulation of screen time. This should be taken into account when developing interventions.
Jun 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2381-862X.jwrh-15-820
M Smith DebbieCorresponding author
Health Psychology Lecturer, BSc (Hons), MSc, PhD, CPsychol. AFBPsS, University of Manchester.
Although structured taught aquatic baby programmes (STABPs) are one of the earliest forms of physical activity, the possible impacts of structured taught aquatic baby programmes are unknown. This study aims to understand the perceived impact that attending STABPs has on parents/carers, their baby/child and their family. An online survey was completed by 2854 parents/carers. It was advertised via numerous online advertisements. Of the respondents, 89% had attended STABPs. ‘Attendees’ were significantly older and were less likely to live in a more deprived area compared to ‘non-attendees’. STABPs are perceived to be beneficial in terms of water safety, confidence, benefits to parent-child relationships and interaction with other children but cost affects attendance. The evidence-base regarding the benefits of STABPs should be established to further understand their impact on parents/carers and babies. Further research should focus on understanding barriers to attendance and ways to facilitate attendance. The need to understand the ‘key ingredients’ of structured taught aquatic baby programmes was highlighted.
May 2015 DOI 10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-14-584
W. Hey DavidCorresponding author
STRIDE California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407
During the past three decades the prevalence of childhood obesity has steadily increased in the United States. Causes of childhood obesity are complex and include numerous individual and environmental factors. The purpose of this study was to determine parent perceptions on the social-ecological barriers (community, school, and family) to physical activity and healthy eating, perceived specific to their children. Self-reported data gathered from a 50-item questionnaire and six focus groups were conducted with parents (n=43) enrolled in the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Program. Participants (16 to 67 years old) were predominately female (88.4%), Hispanic (67%), low income, and living in or near Lompoc in Santa Barbara County, CA. The social-ecological model (family, school, and community) was utilized to create focus group questions and provide recommendations as part of the Lompoc Community Health Improvement Project (2006-to-the-present). Popular community barriers for physical activity were: disconnected sidewalks, lack of safe bike routes to school, lack of recreational programming at an affordable cost, and language barriers (lack of marketing physical activity programs in Spanish). Two safety barriers involved parks; fear of injury (dilapidated equipment) and fear of gangs (violence). Common school barriers were: teachers do not lead-by-example, lack of healthy food in school cafeteria, and insufficient time for children to purchase food and eat. Family barriers included: grandparents sabotaging healthy eating environments (e.g., spoiling children), insufficient nutrition knowledge (both children and parents), and economics (not being able to afford healthy food and a recreation/gym membership).
Dec 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.2690-6759.jpar-25-5496
Chigozie Divine OnwukaCorresponding author
Intestinal parasitic helminths pose a significant public health burden, particularly among children. This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasitic helminths among 550 school children aged 4-12 years in Oru-West L.G.A, Imo State, Nigeria. Stool samples were examined using parasitological techniques, and questionnaires were administered to collect data on risk factors. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic helminths was 49.1% (270/550), with Ascaris lumbricoides being the most prevalent (30.37%). Multivariate analysis revealed significant associations between intestinal parasitic helminths and lack of hand-washing, insufficient toilet facilities, consumption of unwashed vegetables, and poor environmental sanitation. Males had a significantly higher infection rate than females (P < 0.05). Age-related prevalence was highest among children aged 4-6 (51.85%). Occupational status and educational level of parents were also significant predictors of infection. These findings highlight the need for public health education, provision of basic sanitation facilities, and regular de-worming as preventive measures.
May 2024
Almekhlafi KaylaCorresponding author
This exploratory study investigates factors and consequences of underdiagnoses or late diagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in females favoring males in the referral, diagnosis, and treatment processes resulting in gender disparities. A literature review in PubMed, PsychINFO, PsychArticles, and PsychiatryOnline from 2010 to 2023 underscores significant implications of delayed ADHD diagnosis in females, hindering timely access, support, and interventions during critical developmental years. Factors associated with underdiagnosis of ADHD among girls include gender differences in symptomology presentation, comorbidity, and gender bias among parents, teachers, and healthcare providers. We highlight the role of ethnicity and cultural factors. This bias prevents girls from receiving necessary ADHD support and treatment, impacting their health, social, and economic outcomes into adulthood. We summarize strategies to urgently address gaps in ADHD research and practice. Raising awareness among communities, healthcare providers, educators, and parents is vital to alleviate these gender disparities. By illuminating factors contributing to delayed diagnoses, the study informs policymakers and stakeholders, facilitating targeted interventions to improve early detection and treatment outcomes for females with ADHD.
May 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.3066-8042.jac-24-4991
Samantaray SoumyashreeCorresponding author
Attention deficit hyperactive disorder is characterised by set of neurological based symptoms in children which falls into broadly two categories; inattention and hyperactive impulsive behaviour. It adversely affect child in various areas like social skill, communication, routine of daily life, academic performance and many.It not only affects the child but also other family members. ADHD often creates unproductive pattern, spouse conflict and poor quality of life. Because of executive function issue, ADHD child face difficulty in establishing and maintaining routines from morning to night which increase demands on parents. As a result parents becomes more exhausted ,emotionally triggered and breakdown.This study shows establishing consistent mindfulness routine make daily life simpler and easier for both the parent and children with ADHD.
Jan 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2692-5257.ijgp-23-4772
M. G. D. V. K KiridanaCorresponding author
Childhood obesity is on the rise, mostly in the low-income regions in South Asia including Sri Lanka. Simultaneously, undernutrition also continues to be an ongoing public health issue. The coexistence of childhood obesity with undernutrition has resulted in a double burden of malnutrition in these countries. Management of obesity in a community already affected by undernutrition is a challenging situation. At present, management of childhood obesity occurs as a hospital-based lifestyle modification intervention which cannot address all tiers in the community alike. Although national level multifaceted strategies are in place, implementation is limited due to financial constraints. In this context, the general practitioners can be considered as an important group of medical professionals who can reach families in the community. In many households in Sri Lanka, an overweight child is considered as normal and well-nourished in comparison to an underweight child. Unhealthy eating habits and force feeding have become norms in the society. Changing mindsets of people need significant time and commitment. General practitioners, in the community would be able to achieve this target through effective communication based on a nutrition sensitive approach. While uplifting the infrastructure facilities, steps have to be taken to update the knowledge and communication skills of the general practitioners on managing childhood obesity in a community affected with double burden of malnutrition. The well-equipped GP is an asset to modify the attitudes and thinking patterns of parents with regard to child nutritional problems. Childhood obesity is on the rise, mostly in the low-income regions in South Asia including Sri Lanka. Simultaneously, undernutrition also continues to be an ongoing public health issue. The coexistence of childhood obesity with undernutrition has resulted in a double burden of malnutrition in these countries. Management of obesity in a community already affected by undernutrition is a challenging situation. At present, management of childhood obesity occurs as a hospital-based lifestyle modification intervention which cannot address all tiers in the community alike. Although national level multifaceted strategies are in place, implementation is limited due to financial constraints. In this context, the general practitioners can be considered as an important group of medical professionals who can reach families in the community. In many households in Sri Lanka, an overweight child is considered as normal and well-nourished in comparison to an underweight child. Unhealthy eating habits and force feeding have become norms in the society. Changing mindsets of people need significant time and commitment. General practitioners, in the community would be able to achieve this target through effective communication based on a nutrition sensitive approach. While uplifting the infrastructure facilities, steps have to be taken to update the knowledge and communication skills of the general practitioners on managing childhood obesity in a community affected with double burden of malnutrition. The well-equipped GP is an asset to modify the attitudes and thinking patterns of parents with regard to child nutritional problems.
Aug 2023
Almabadi BayanCorresponding author
DADA2 (deficiency of adenosine deaminase type 2) is an autoinflammatory autosomal recessive disease resulting from biallelic loss of function mutations in ADA2 gene. Clinical presentation and age of onset vary widely even among related patients, and variability of symptoms and severity manifestations include bone marrow failure, autoinflammation, immunodeficiency and vasculitis. Here, we report a case of young male with adult onset DADA2, who presented with fever, lower limbs skin rash, joint pain, and anemia resembling systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). DADA2 has an extremely variable clinical phenotype. It was described into three categories: inflammatory/vascular, immune dysregulation, and hematologic. However, the data is scant in describing autoimmunity phenotype in DADA2 and further studies are required to investigate the clinical correlation and presence of autoantibodies. We recommend genetic testing in cases with lupus-like disease especially if there is consanguinity between parents and family history of vasculitis.
Apr 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2576-6694.jbbs-22-4417
Mostafa M. Sabra SherifaCorresponding author
United States of America (USA), Australia, and Canada recommending children computer-use should be imperfect. It obligated a strong influence on children’s lives. The problem was for stuck in the computer-use for a long time per day. The goal was to follow child-health in the Arab-community to notice its influence on the child-health. The method was through a arithmetical study by sending Internet questionnaire and receiving the parents' advice. The results were in the 500 parent answers and 14 comments. The first was "You have a child up to 13 years old?"; 83.6%. The second was "Your child used a computer?"; 80.8%. The third was "Your child used the computer for a long time?"; 67.9%. The fourth was "The computer caused a health problem for your child?"; 70.3%. The fifth was "The computer caused your child mental disorder?"; 68.5%. The sixth was "The computer caused your child trouble seeing?"; 77.2%. The seventh was "The computer caused your child trouble sleeping?"; 72.0%. The eighth 8 was "The computer caused your child feeding problem?"; 69.5%. The ninth was "The computer caused your child family relationship problem?", 72.0%. The tenth was "Prevent your child from using the computer to protect his health?"; 79.0%. It was concluded that the extent of the harms of child computer-use from a health and psychological point. They have young and sensitive tissues. The computer-use affected them, child-health. It was recommended the parents instructions will protect children from the computer-use for long periods. That will reduce child-health and psychological problems.
Nov 2022 DOI 10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-22-4332
Gautam AlishaCorresponding author
Department of Public Health, Nepal Institute of Health Sciences, Purbanchal University, Kathmandu, Nepal
Introduction Physical, psychological, and emotional growth are among the changes that define the adolescent stage. As compared to other age groups, adolescents are more vulnerable to sexual and reproductive health issues. Parents can become protective and influencing factors for their children to prevent risky sexual behavior. This study aims to assess adolescent-parent communication on sexual and reproductive health and its associated factors. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 212 adolescents aged 15–19 in higher secondary schools of Tokha Municipality. A self-administered structured modified questionnaire to assess the communication used the Weighted Topics Measure of Family Sexual Communication (WTM) tool with a simple random sampling technique of data collection. We performed descriptive statistical analysis and chi-square tests to analyze data and assess the association between variables. Data quality was assured through careful questionnaire design, pretesting, and training. Results The study found that about 75.9% of adolescents had communicated on SRH topics with their parents. Only 56.1%, 50.1%, 55.2%, and 50.5% of adolescents communicated about choosing a life partner, menstruation, physical and psychological changes during adolescence, and the physical growth and development of reproductive organs, respectively, while topics like using birth controls, when to start having sex, pregnancy, how to handle sexual pressure from a partner, STI and HIV/AIDs, about condoms, and abortion had never communicated by 61.3%, 86.6%, 69.3%, 85.8%, 72.2%, 78.8%, and 82.5% of adolescents, respectively. Adolescent-parent communication on sexual and reproductive health was significantly associated with the level of knowledge regarding sexual and reproductive health (X2 = 5.809, p = 0.01, df = 1). Similarly, there was a significant association with the perceived parenting style (X2 =3.932, p =0.04, df =1), living arrangements (X2 =6.376, p=0.01, df =1), and adolescent-parent communication. Conclusion It concluded that adolescent-parent communication on SRH issues is not satisfactory. Creating an adolescent-friendly environment at home and conducting awareness programs with the help of the local government of the respective schools would help to increase adolescent-parent communication.
May 2022 DOI 10.14302/issn.2692-1537.ijcv-22-4174
Jaafar Kadhim Al-Ameri RawaCorresponding author
Family Medicine Specialist, AlMustansiriyah University, Iraq
Introduction: Covid 19 pandemic affected all aspect of life, particularly schools attending. Students replaced their presentational lessons by on line distance learn. Ministry of health decisions varied between complete electronic study and attendance several days per week depending on the number of cases of the whole population. In Iraq, total cases till 15 of September, 2021, reached 1.963,264 and total death 21,631. Highest percent of confirmed cases in age group (30-39) years; 24.7%, while in children aged (0-9) years only 1.6%, and in older age group (10-19) years; 7.5%. Cases of covid19 at lower percent in small children and in school age children and tend to increase with age as it reached to 22.6% in age group (20-29). Objectives: Prevalence of covid 19 in students attending AL-dora medical center lab. Comparisons in number of cases of students before and after the school lock –down. Methods: It is a cross sectional study, included the records of schools health unit and lab records of VTM nasal or pharyngeal swab and rapid test in Al-Dora family health center from 1/10/2020 to 15/7/2021. Results: The study included 1711 students, the mean age group was 15.7 (± 4.9) years. The study showed the prevalence of covid19 in students attained the lab was 23.4%, highest percent was in age group >18 years and the lowest percent was in age group 6-12 years. The percent of vaccinated students in academic year 2020/2021 was 0.3 %( 3/1000). There is no significance difference in age group 6-12 years and age group >18 years before closing schools and colleges and after closing while age group 13-18 years showed a significant increase in positive cases after closing schools as cases increase from 18.1% to 25.9% after closing schools. Positive cases showed no significance difference with sex before and after closing. Discussions: The educational path of students in different age groups had broken down. Fear of parents could be justified but it could be exaggerated. School closures were applied almost around the world trying to decrease the potential spread of disease despite early studies suggested this would have less impact than most other non-pharmacological interventions.
May 2022 DOI 10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-22-4185
Rutayisire ErigeneCorresponding author
Department of public Health, Mount Kenya University Rwanda Kigali Rwanda
This study aims to assess reproductive health knowledge and services utilization among adolescents from Rwamagana District. A community based cross-sectional study was carried out in Rwamagana district. A sample of 392 adolescent aged 15-19 participated in the study. Simple random sampling was used to select respondents. Data was collected by using a questionnaire adopted from previous studies. Data was checked for completeness, cleaned, coded and entered into excel sheet, and then exported to SPSS version 22.0 for further analysis. Frequencies and percentage was used to summarize descriptive statistics. To determine the association between different factors associated with reproductive health knowledge and services utilization, a logistic regression model was employed. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Ethical committee of Mount Kenya University. It was observed that the majority of adolescents in Rwamagana District knew the sign of maturity. Overall the majority of adolescents 91.8% in Rwamagana District had good knowledge about reproductive health services. The majority of adolescents in Rwamagana District (66.8%) had ever utilized reproductive health services at health facility. It was observed that adolescents who live with their parents were more likely to use reproductive health services compared to those who do not live with parents (aOR=2.161, 95%CI: 1.162-4.021, p=0.015). Moderate reproductive health services utilization was observed among adolescents. There is a need to increase adolescent’s awareness on the available services at health facilities.
Feb 2022 DOI 10.14302/issn.2329-9487.jhc-22-4067
O AmaewhuleCorresponding author
Department of Paediatrics, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Nigeria.
Introduction Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs) are structural abnormalities of the heart and intra-thoracic great vessels that are present at birth and may be of functional significance. They are the most frequently occurring congenital anomalies and babies born with severe forms of these defects are likely to die in the neonatal period. Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CHDs among neonates delivered in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria Methods Using a stratified sampling technique, 530 neonates were selected from three hospitals in Port Harcourt. The biodata of the parents and socio-demographic information were obtained through an interviewer-administered questionnaire to the mothers. Physical examination and echocardiograghy were performed on all the neonates. Results Five hundred and thirty (530) neonates aged 0-7days (5.2±1.8) participated in this study and the male to female ratio was 1.1:1. Forty-three neonates were found to have CHD giving a prevalence of 8.1% 95%CI: 6.0. Thirty-nine were acyanotic and four cyanotic. Congenital Heart Defects were found in 21 (48.8%) males and 22 (51.2%) females. The more common heart defects were isolated Atrial Septal Defect in 16(37.2%), isolated Patent Ductus Arteriosus in 11(25.6%) and isolated Ventricular Septal Defect in 6 (13.9%). The most common cyanotic CHD was Transposition of the Great Arteries in 2 neonates (4.7%). The clinical features identified in neonates with CHD were tachypnoea, dysmorphia, cyanosis, hypoxia and murmur Conclusion The prevalence of CHD is considerably high in Port Harcourt and further studies need to be carried out to ascertain the risk factors.
Jul 2021 DOI 10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-21-3897
Pamela NanaCorresponding author
Interstate center in public health in Central Africa (CIESPAC)
Background Water-related diseases are water-related disorders of the body. They are a public health problem as they are responsible for 60% of infant mortality in our developing countries. There are few studies in South Cameroon on the subject. Overall Objective of this work was to study the explanatory behavioral factors of waterborne diseases in children aged 0 to 5 years in the health area of the urban dispensary in Ebolowa in Cameroon in 2020. Methodology This was an analytical cross-sectional study comparing two groups of children (group 1: children affected by waterborne diseases group 2: children unaffected by waterborne diseases) within the health area of the Ebolowa urban area. It lasted 21 months and the study period was from 28 December 2020 to 22 January 2021. We included children aged 0 to 5 years present in households where parents/guardians gave their informed consent. Sampling was probabilistic and cluster sampling. Using the Kelsey formula, we obtained a sample of 420 households and 566 children. Data was collected using a questionnaire and stored in the Excel spreadsheet and analyzed with CDC USA's epi info software 7.2.2.6. The calculation p value was done with Stat Calc at the significance threshold of 0.05. Bold The proportion of waterborne diseases was 97% (549/566) among the children aged 0 to 5 years surveyed. The most common reasons for using the health service for children aged 0-5 years were diarrhea 78.62% (IC75.06-81.80), and malaria 78.09% (74.09-81.30). The median age of children suffering from these pathologies was 36 months (24; 60). The gender ratio (Boys/Girls) was 2.06/1. Conclusion We propose to increase the awareness of mothers/guardians on good practices; also, to increase health promotion in the fight against waterborne diseases.
Feb 2021 DOI 10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-21-3709
Howells KristyCorresponding author
Canterbury Christ Church University, UK.
Background Children need to drink enough water (1.1-1.3 litres) throughout the day to stay hydrated and for health benefits1. Wellbeing and cognitive function benefits have been identified for children who are hydrated2. Yet there is a dearth of research focusing specifically on children’s perceptions of their own fluid intake levels and who helps support them in ensuring they are drinking enough water, this is a novel area to investigate. Previous research3 identified that 44.2% of young children’s fluid intake were influenced the strongest by a family member. This paper will explore in further detail the influence of siblings on children’s fluid intake, in particular older versus younger siblings. Methods 130 children (67 girls and 63 boys, of which 45 had a younger sibling (s) and 85 having an elder sibling(s), from 4 primary schools in the South East of England, were questioned between January and April 2019 using an adapted version of Coppinger and Howells’ (2019)4 questionnaire, on their understanding of fluid intake, how much they perceived they drank and who supported them in prompting them to drink. Physical visual representations were used to aid question comprehension and to ensure the questions were appropriate for young children. The data was analysed using SPSS 24.0 using MANOVAs (P < 0.05) to consider statistical variance in gender and older sibling status. Results The most significant results were linked to elder siblings influence younger siblings in drinking too little fluids within a school day (F=0.530, p<0.05), whilst those without an elder sibling, thought they drank beyond the daily recommended guidelines and reported they drank over 2 litres. This illustrates that children misunderstand fluid intake recommendations regardless of whether they have an elder sibling or not. Children named adults, both parents and teachers as well as elder siblings as the key influencers of them drinking (F=3.67, p<0.05) and the data indicated that girls were more influenced by siblings than boys, whilst twins were not influenced by each other. Conclusion It is concluded that siblings do have an influence on the consumption of water, as siblings act as role models and other siblings follow their habits, therefore the whole family unit is important to ensure that the right fluid intake is consumed. It is recommended that further education, curriculum and community development is needed to continue to support young children’s knowledge and understanding of fluid intake.
Jan 2021 DOI 10.14302/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-20-3633
E.E Enwereji,Corresponding author
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu Abia State.
Introduction HIV prevention services to in-school adolescents need good planning and management. HIV risk reduction interventions are geared toward measuring sexual risk behaviour outcomes of adolescents that predispose them to HIV infection. The sexual behaviour of adolescents, especially in-school adolescents should be assessed in the process. Adolescents have been identified as the most vulnerable group for acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and as such, measures should be taken to prevent them from infection. One important reason for higher HIV prevalence among adolescents, especially girls, is the frequent practice of age-discrepant partnering, where older men, who are more likely to be infected with HIV, form sexual partners with younger girls. The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge and sexual behaviour of in-school adolescents in the prevention of HIV and AIDs in rural areas of Abia State. Materials and Methods This is a descriptive cross-sectional survey that was conducted between January and March 2020. Information was collected from 66 students of a community secondary school in the state. Participants were selected by a multi-stage sampling method and data were obtained using a semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire. Results Respondents consisted of 40(60.6%) females and 26(39.4%) males with ages ranging from 13 to 19. Some of the respondents 28 (42.4%), are living with parents while 24(36.4%) live with close relatives. A good number of the respondents 39(59.1%), accepted that their friends are HIV positive. Majority of them 49(74.2%) have not been approached for sexual relationships. About 17(25.8%) of the respondents accepted that they have boyfriends and girlfriends. Out of this number, 12(18.2%) of them said they have been approached for sex and only 2(3%) of them accepted having sexual relationships with the opposite sex. Finding showed that only 1(1.5%) of the respondents claimed to have ever used condoms during sex. Of the sexually active respondents, 49(74.2%) of them are aware that HIV is a virus infection caused by having multiple sex partners while 14(21.2%) were not sure whether HIV is a virus or bacterial infection. Conclusion The study revealed a gap in the knowledge of HIV prevention as well as inappropriate sexual behaviour among the respondents. Therefore, meaningful strategies that will be culturally sensitive to modify adolescent sexual risk behaviours should be adopted.
Mar 2020 DOI 10.14302/issn.2691-6622.ijar-20-3257
Nsangou Amidou KpoumieCorresponding author
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon
In order to contribute to the improvement of aquaculture production, reproductive parameters of three populations of Oreochromis niloticus of Cameroon were studied between March and May 2019 at the research station of Foumban. At this effect, a total of 81 parents (27 males and 51 females with respective weight 124 ± 6g and 144 ± 5g) coming from three hydrogeographicals origins (Niger, Sanaga and IRAD Station) were randomly distributed in triplicate in nine concrete tanks of a m² each with a sex ratio of one male for two females (1♂/2♀). Throughout the test, six females carrying eggs in the oral cavity were collected in each population and 45 days after the start of the trial, all the offspring were collected and the adults sacrificed. At the end of experiment, the IRAD population presented highest significant values (p ≤ 0.05) regardless of the performances considered. The values of the gonado-somatic and the gonado-metric characteristics significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) were obtained in Niger population (GSR = 0.04 ± 0.02, GSI = 0.05 ± 0.03 and GMR=0.19 ± 0.08;GMI= 0.24±0.07). Considering sex, males presented the lowest significant values (p ≤ 0.05) for all the characteristics studied (GSR = 0.04±0.01, GSI = 0.04±0.01 and GMR= 0.23±0.08;GMI= 0.29±0.09).
Oct 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2691-5014.jphn-19-3038
Roy SmrityCorresponding author
Medical officer, Pediatrics outdoor, Rangpur Medical College Hospital.
Background Persistent diarrhoea is a commonly observed phenomenon both in Bangladesh and all over the developing countries. It is the single most important cause of diarrhoea related deaths in the community, accounting for over half of them. If associated factors are properly identified & treated, it is possible to prevent most cases of persistent diarrhoea. Objective This study was undertaken to find out the possible risk factors associated with persistent diarrhoea in children below 5 years of age. Methods This was a prospective analytical case control study carried out in a tertiary care hospital, Dhaka. A total of 30 consecutive cases of persistent diarrhoea and 60 consecutive acute diarrhoea controls (matched for age and sex) under 5 comprised the study subjects in this study. Children beyond the age and whose parents didn’t give written consent were excluded from the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and a standered case definition of acute & persistent diarrhoeawere adopted. Data were later processed and analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science version 12) in the year 2012. Results were considered statistically significant when p value was <0.05. Results According to the study, 56.6% of cases and 63.3% of controls were in the ‘6 to 12 months’ age group and about two-third of the participants in both cases 20 (66.7%) and controls 39 (65.0%) were males.Strong association was found with ‘bottle feeding’ RR=2.2556; 95% CI: 1.259, ‘presence of blood/mucus’ RR=2.5038; 95% CI: 1.4129, ‘WAZ≤ 2)’ RR=2.8867; 95% CI: 1.7202 and ‘early complementary feeding [RR=4.67; 95% CI: 2.5017-8.7175 and OR=7.8858; 95% CI: 3.6791-16.9 Conclusion In the present studyfour factors showed some association with persistent diarrhoea, namely: ‘use of animal milk’; ‘antibiotic use during acute diarrhoea’; ‘history of diarrhoea in previous 3 months’ and ‘pre-lacteal feed’. Strong association was found with ‘bottle feeding practices’ ‘presence of blood &/or mucus in stool’, WAZ <-2 and ‘early complementary feeding
Jul 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-19-2860
Takele Melku AbulieCorresponding author
Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital School of Health Science Department of Nursing, Assistant Professor (PhD) Mobile: +251911060837
Background Adolescents is the transition from childhood to adulthood .Which is a time of opportunity, but also one of risk. In Ethiopia, sexual and reproductive health problems of adolescents are increasing from time to time related to many parents not feeling happy to discuss sexual matters in addition to early sexual commencement among adolescents. Objective This study was intended to assess parent-adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health matters and associated factors among secondary and preparatory school students in Robe Town, Bale Zone, South East Ethiopia, 2017. Methods Institution based cross sectional study was conducted among 394 secondary and preparatory school students in Robe town from April 10-25, 2017. Simple random sampling technique was used. Data was obtained through the use of a self administered questionnaire and supplemented by focus group discussion with parents. Data was entered using Epi Data 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS 20. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were done. Data quality was assured through careful questionnaire design, pretest and training. Results One hundred eighty six (47%) of the study participants had discussed at least two SRH issues with their parents. Grade eleven students were about nearly five times more likely discussed on sexual and reproductive matters with their parent compared with grade nine students (AOR: 4.88, 95% CI: 1.76, 13.54). Those living with relatives were 3.13 times less likely discussed as compared to those students are living with both parents (AOR: 0.32, 95%CI: (0.12, 0.80) and the odds of discussion on SRH matters is 2 times higher among females compared with their counterpart (AOR=2.02, 95% CI: 1.25, 3.26). Conclusions Communication on sexual and reproductive health matters between adolescent and parent was low. Majority of student preferred to discuss with their peers than parent. Being ashamed, parents lack of communication skill and parent knowledge on SRH issues were the major reasons mentioned by the students for not discussing about SRH matters with their parents. Therefore; comprehensive family life education needs to be initiated for the students and parents. Sexual information exchange between peers needs to be strengthened.
Apr 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2688-5328.ijp-19-2717
Ip DavidCorresponding author
FRCS FHKCOS FHKCOS (Rehabilitation) FHKAM (Ortho Surg), Wellness Pain Centre Hong Kong
Objective The current clinical case series assess the clinical outcome of the use of low-level laser in the treatment of painful pediatric fractures not solidly consolidated and re-modelled after casting for a standard of 4-6 weeks Materials and Methods The patient cohort consisted of 17 consecutive unselected patients in pediatric age group with delayed fracture consolidation and/or undesirable angulation despite casting for a standard period of 4-6 weeks in whom the parents refused any surgical intervention and/or bone grafting options. All subjects were referred from other medical centers after inadequate healing of the fracture ends upon repeating the x ray after the cast was off at the 4-6 weeks mark. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on alternate days for 8weeks in upper limb fracture cases, and 12 weeks in lower limb fracture cases were administered with a view of enhancing bone healing and/or re-modelling since both previous clinical and basic science studies on LLLT showed a stimulatory effect on fracture healing. Results All patients had solid union, mean time for union for upper and lower limb fractures were 6 and 10 weeks respectively. The calculated p value is statistically significant at p < 0.05. No patient defaulted follow up. All parents were satisfied with the clinical and radiological result of the LLLT treatment. Conclusion LLLT was found not only to enhance bone healing potential but in fact improved bone re-modelling when used in the proper wavelength and energy density in pediatric upper and lower limbs fractures, thereby also rapidly resolve the intolerable pain in paediatric fracture population
Feb 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2643-6655.jcap-18-2570
Emanuela ZappellaCorresponding author
Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Italy
Self-determination is a key concept to promote greater self-awareness in the subjects with disability, to build appropriate educational or professional projects and to evaluate the already active programs. Using PRISMA checklist, I selected articles from different databases (CINAHL, Medline, Psych INFO, Cochrane Library, ERIC, Scholar. The 9 evaluation measures identified are analyzed with respect to: choice of the points of view to be collected, domains, items and data collection methods. The results show that while some scales focus on autonomy, empowerment, self-realisation and self-regulation and others focus on knowledge, skills and abilities, attitudes and beliefs. Two instruments added also: opportunities and support. With respect to the choice of the points of view to be collected: in some cases the student’s opinion is collected but in other cases their point of view is integrated or replaced with that of teachers and parents. Only one tool is designed for all children and starts from the belief that self-determination is important for all people, including those with a disability. A third element of the analysis is the possibility of answering the questions posed by the various evaluation tools. A typical form is Likert scale while in other cases open questions are used. The analysis highlights two critical issues. The variety of definitions of self-determination is inevitably reflected in the choice of domains and items and therefore self-determination is only partially investigated. Secondly the opinion and people with disabilities are sometimes completed or replaced by that of third persons as parents and teachers. Starting from the analysis of existing instruments. the article closes with a reflection on the possibility of constructing a scale that considers all the aspects of self-determination offered in the literature (at the individual and environmental level) and collects the opinion of all the subjects involved in self-determination projects. This synthesis represents a first step in the construction of a possible universal scale starting from the analysis of the literature. A comparison would then be necessary with the students with intellectual disabilities, the family members and the other actors involved to understand which domains are really meaningful to them and to build indicators that correspond to the elements that are important to them. In this way we would have a tool capable of combining the point of view of literature with that of the people directly involved.
Jan 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-18-2545
Ferreira Bento SilvanaCorresponding author
Women´s Hospital “Professor Doutor José Aristodemo Pinotti” – Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher (CAISM), State University of Campinas, Brazil
This is a cross sectional study of a sample of civil servants from the interior of São Paulo state, carried out with the purpose of evaluating the occurrence of unwanted pregnancies, the proportion which were terminated, the reason given for having or not having an abortion and which factors were associated to the decision whether or not to terminate an unwanted pregnancy. Just over one fifth declared to have experienced an unwanted pregnancy and over half of them were aborted. The reasons to abort concentrate on interferance with their life expectancy: “to continue studying or working” “being single”, “too young to get married” and “to become a father or mother”. Also important were fear of parents and rejection by the respondents'partner. Among those who did not terminate the unwanted pregnancy religion acted as a barrier among almost one third and the legal barrier for almost one fourth. Not having a permanent partner, being in use of behavioral or barrier method of contraception and higher education were associated with higher incidence of abortion of the unwanted pregnancy, but in multiple regression, only higher education remain significantly associated. Our results showed that once the unwanted pregnancy occur, more than half of them will be aborted, confirming the need to concentrate the efforts in reducing unwanted pregnancies if we want to prevent abortion.
Aug 2018 DOI 10.14302/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-18-2202
AA OkechukwuCorresponding author
Department of Pediatrics, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada.
Background: Ideally, disclosure of HIV status to infected children and adolescents should involve both health care workers and parents/caregivers. Most studies on disclosure in children have focus mainly on parents/caregivers with little information on health care workers. We conduct this study to evaluate the practice, perception of the healthcare workers in our health facility on disclosure to infected children and adolescents. It is envisaged that such information will help in the design of better strategies on disclosure in our environment. Methods: A cross sectional hospital based study was conducted among health care workers at the special treatment clinic, and heart to heart unit of the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada from January to March 2017 for the above objective. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on disclosure among the healthcare workers, which include among others: their bio-data, knowledge, perception, and practice on disclosure in the two service areas of the hospital. Results: Of the 80 health care workers interviewed, 60(75.0%) were females, 11(13.8%) were doctors, 9(11.3%) nurses, 17(21.3%) monitoring/evaluation/record clerks, and 16(20.0%) were either voluntary counseling and testing counselors or adherence counselors. Their mean age and duration in service in the two areas were 39.70±7.10 and 7.93±4.99 years respectively. Over half 48(60.0%) of the health care workers were unaware of the hospital having guideline on disclosure, 64(80.0%) have not been trained, and 68(85.0%) does not know any key information on disclosure. While all 80(100%) felt that disclosure was a good practice for better adherence, only 16(20.0%) had actually disclosed, with 6(37.5%) not seeking any formal permission from parent/caregivers before disclosing. Ages 8-16 years was recommended by 60(75%) as the appropriate age to disclose, however 28(35.0%) recommended age 14-16 years. Over half of the respondents 58(72.5%) admitted that disclosure should be a shared responsibility between themselves and the caregivers, most however perceive their role as only preparing the parents/caregivers for disclosure, and providing ongoing counseling to both the parents/caregivers and the children and adolescents. Lack of training on disclosure, and none availability of guideline in the health institution were major setback on the ability of the healthcare providers to fully participate in disclosure process. Conclusion: While healthcare providers support the idea of disclosing at mid and late adolescent, their perceived role was that of support and provision of ongoing counseling. Lack of training and none availability of disclosure guideline affects their perceived role. There is need to train and retrain healthcare workers on disclosure guideline, and making such guideline available in the health facilities.
Aug 2018 DOI 10.14302/issn.2640-690X.jfm-18-2252
Cherif LeilaCorresponding author
Hedi Chaker Hospital, Child and adolescent psychiatry Department, Avenue Majida Boulila, 3029 Sfax, Tunisie.
Background: Feeding problems are common in autism. Parents are frequently worried about the health status of their children, which may be threatened by some consequent nutritional deficiencies. Despite this, feeding behaviours remain little explored by clinicians working with children with autism spectrum disorders and researches are lacking especially in Tunisia. Aims: To evaluate the frequency and the types of feeding problems in children with autism spectrum disorders. Settings and Design: A comparison was made between 57 children with autism spectrum disorders and 57 control groups regarding the feeding problems. Parents completed the children’s eating behavior inventory (CEBI). Autism severity is evaluated using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. The SPSS statistical package, version 20.0 was used. Results: According to the CEBI, children with autism spectrum disorders showed more feeding problems than the control group (82.4% versus 56.1%, p=0.002). In fact, the parents of these children observed more pica habits on their children compared to the control group (p=0.000). They also observed more selectivity for starchy foods compared to the control group (p=0.000). The more the autistic symptoms were severe, the more children exhibited feeding problems (p=0.02). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that feeding problems are more common in children with autism. Clinical implications trigger the need for clinicians to provide the necessary assessment and treatment.
Jun 2018 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-4518.jsdr-18-2071
Sedky KarimCorresponding author
Professor of Psychiatry and Medical Student Clerkship Director, CMSRU, Camden, NJ.
Study Objectives: Narcolepsy diagnosis has been associated with a long lag time between the onset of the disorder and the diagnosis itself among patients with the disorder. This article reviews the childhood epidemiology of idiopathic narcolepsy, including its prevalence, subtypes, and disease progression. Methods: A literature review was conducted to include both published and unpublished data on pediatric narcolepsy. All English language articles were included through April, 2015. Results: Time from symptom onset to diagnosis for children is approximately three years. The prevalence of cataplexy appears to be lower in children compared to adults, suggesting a later onset of cataplexy. The presence of cataplexy, however, was unrelated to demographic factors and laboratory findings. Conclusion: There is a substantial lag-time between initial symptom presentation and diagnosis in children with narcolepsy. A less quintessential presentation of narcolepsy might occur in children relative to adults, making diagnosis more challenging. Continued improvements in narcolepsy education for both pediatricians and parents might facilitate earlier identification and diagnosis of the disease, thus leading to improved outcome.
Dec 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2694-1201.jsn-17-1815
Ahmed Syed RiazCorresponding author
Consultant Pediatric Neurologist, King Fahad Military Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
15 children with variable intractable seizure disorders who were on multiple anti-convulsant medications were treated with pulse monthly doses of parentral dexamethsone varying from 4 – 7 months. EEG and clinical response were assessed periodically as well at the end of the study. 53% of the patients showed clinical response and EEG response. Hypertension was noted in 6, hypokalemia in 3 and hyperglycaemia in 1 patient. The ultimate compliance from the parents for this treatment was seen among 12 patients because of its proven efficacy and parents of seven patients insisted to continue the treatment for long duration.
Nov 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2372-6601.jhor-17-1761
Lee Mortensen GitteCorresponding author
AnthroConsult, Fynsgade 24, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
With the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) have obtained survival rates close to normal. It may appear paradoxical, then, that medication adherence is suboptimal in some health care settings. As the first of its kind, this study aimed to explore drivers and barriers to TKI treatment adherence in Danish CML patients. A literature study informed the design of qualitative interviews with 20 patients, individually and in focus groups, focusing on their disease perceptions of CML, their health-related quality of life (QoL) and medication adherence. The study showed that many participants had previously switched treatment due to lacking efficacy or intolerance but most felt their current disease burden was tolerable. Anxiety might, however, resurface if treatment stopped working or with the occurrence of infections or side effects, creating a state of ‘fragile peace’. To these patients, their role functioning – as professionals, spouses, parents and grandparents – was crucial to uphold a positive self-image and meaningful life. Whether treatment enabled or hindered this was thus decisive to their QoL and medication adherence. Our participants expressed high adherence rates with only one having intentionally non-adhered due to side effects and poor QoL. Most participants felt well-informed about CML and treatment and privileged to receive specialised personal care from the public health care system acting to motivate their medication adherence. As a novel finding, this study indicates that the prospect of treatment-free remission may positively affect ‘adherence’ suggest this should be explored in future studies.
Jul 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-4518.jsdr-16-1413
Harada TetsuoCorresponding author
Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University
Purpose: An intervention program was performed to improve meal habit, sleep habit and academic marks at school. This program was called “Super Meal Educational Program” which was supported by Japanese Ministry of Arts, Sports, Sciences and Education. Effects of the intervention were evaluated by comparing an integrated questionnaire study held both before and after the intervention of a half year. Method: The intervention program consisted of a lecture on sleep health and diurnal rhythms on children by an university professor, a series of lectures and practical classes by elementary school teachers on foods which can be collected nearby, and also practical courses as excursions to learn traditional meals and several foods resources which are products nearby. Integrated questionnaire study and also government official academic achievement test were performed before and after the intervention for 6 months in May to November, 2015. An integrated questionnaire was administrated to elementary school students of grades 1 to 6 (7-12 years old). For the younger students aged 6-9 years old, parents (mostly mothers) answered the questionnaire instead of their children. The participants consisted of 40 to 55 students in each grade from the first to the six one of the elementary school. The rate of answer to the questionnaire was more than 95% and the number of data used for statistic analysis was 295 before and 286 after the intervention. The integrated questionnaire included questions on the diurnal type scale (DTS), sleep habits, meal habits, and other questions on their environments and life-habits. Result: In the histogram on distribution of the diurnal type scale scores (DTS) before intervention, the students which occupied 25% evening-typed significantly shifted to more morning-typed ones after the intervention (p<0.001). There was significantly negative correlation between DTS scores before intervention and the amount of increased change in DTS during the intervention period (r=-390, r<0.001). For all students in the elementary school, there were no significant changes in sleep quality, bedtime in weekdays, wake up time and sleep hours before and after the intervention period. There was negative correlation between sleep hours in weekday before intervention and increased amount in sleep hours before and after that (r=-0.545, p<0.001). The longer the sleep hours were shifted longer during intervention, the better the academic achievement mark of mathematics was after the intervention (students in the second, third and fifth grades: p=0.001). Conclusion: At least for the students who had been originally evening-typed, the intervention on meal habits may be effective for longer sleep hours and improved school achievement and marking for especially mathematics in elementary schools.
Mar 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-4526.jddd-17-1454
Malik LaraibCorresponding author
Paediatric unit II, P.I.C.U, Abassi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi,
Congenital malformations usually occur during organogenesis and result in complete or partial absence of an anatomical part or alteration in its normal configuration. Major structural anomalies occur in 2-3% of live births.The reported global incidence of tracheoesophageal fistula is roughly 1 in 2,500 live births and in Pakistan, incidence is only reported by those tertiary care centers which have paediatric surgery facilities available.We report a case of esophageal atresia (OA) with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) associated with meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) in an infant. Reporting this anomaly highlights the importance of early diagnosis and thorough clinical examination of a newborn, signifying that a meticulous prenatal workup should be conducted. TEF/OA should be suspected in any newborn presenting with respiratory distress, especially cough, emesis and/or cyanosis during feeds, history of polyhydrominos and inability to pass nasogastric tube. The parents should also be counseled regarding future pregnancies as it carries a 1% risk of recurrence.
Nov 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-9273.jbtm-16-1273
O. Jack-Ide IzibelokoCorresponding author
Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Niger Delta University.
Background: Many people with mental illness rely on family and friends for support and to help them in their activities of daily living. At all points in the care of ill relatives, caregivers need information to deal with the patient’s care and treatment demands. Methods: This was a descriptive study carried out in a Public owned mental health out-patient clinic. The study consisted of fifty participants, who voluntarily completed a questionnaire regarding their knowledge about their ill relatives’ mental illness and treatment. Results: Majority (62%) were female, and (28%) were parents (66%) has primary level education, (76%) had no knowledge about illness of relatives, (84%) did not know the diagnosis (76%) had poor knowledge of medication, and (84%) could not recognize the side effects of medication. Conclusion: The need for information and education of family caregivers about ill relatives’ mental illness, and the important role of medication regimen in the control of symptoms of the disorders. Education on medication and other treatment strategies should be tailored towards each family caregiver’s understanding and level of education.
Oct 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-9273.jbtm-16-1173
C. Jellesma FrancineCorresponding author
Research Institute Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam
Many schoolchildren experience somatic complaints such as headaches, abdominal pain and fatigue. The aim of the current research is to test the full model of previously found associations between negative affect and somatic complaints in parents and children. Participants were 199 children (aged 8-13, 47% boys) and their parents (aged 31-61, mostly mothers (87%). Self-reports of children and parents on worry, anxiety, depression and somatic complaints were used and parents’ reactions to children’s emotions wereassessed. The results of the study show that childhood negative affect and parental somatic complaints are positively associated with childhood somatic complaints. In turn, childhood negative affect is related to children’s worrying and to parents’ responses to children’s emotions. The more anxious or depressed children felt, the more they worried. Maladaptive parental responses (such as reprimands and discomfort) to child emotions were positively related to depression. It was also found that parents who experienced more negative affect, reported more somatic complaints and tended to report more maladaptive responses towards their children’s emotions.
Aug 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-9273.jbtm-16-1202
V.J. Basso RobertCorresponding author
RSW Faculty of Social Work, Wilfrid Laurier University
Our objective was the early identification, assessment and treatment of aggression by primary school children four to eleven years old, with the goal of preventing school expulsion. The children were identified by teachers and other professionals for their aggressive behavior. Children were assessed for five symptoms which are linked to the development and persistence of social and/or physical aggressive behaviors: inattention, hyperactivity, anxiety, poor social functioning, and oppositional behavior. Long term follow-up continued for up to 9 years. Conners’ Scales for parents and teachers were used to assess the severity of predisposing symptoms and emotional lability. The children were treated with psychosocial and pharmacological interventions by social workers and a physician, in addition to utilizing community and school resources. Teachers reported a reduction in some of the predisposing symptoms: hyperactivity, emotional lability, oppositionality, and improved social functioning. Parents reported improvements in all five of the children’s physically aggressive behaviors. Early intervention for children’s aggressive behaviors was found to be effective. None of the children in the study were expelled from school.
Aug 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-9273.jbtm-16-1175
Yeh Pi-MingCorresponding author
RN. Ph.D., Associate Professor, School of Nursing and Health Professionals, Missouri Western State University, USA.
Objective: To examine the relationships between Australian nursing students’ anxiety, depression, personality and family interaction with psychological well-being and suicidal ideation. Participants: A sample of 201 nursing students completed a series of structured questionnaires in an Australian University. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive research design was used. After explanation of this study, 201 nursing students voluntarily participated. Six reliable and structured questionnaires were used to do data collection. SPSS was used for data analysis including descriptive data, Pearson Correlation, and Stepwise Multiple Regression. Results: Anxiety and depression were positively associated with suicidal ideation and had negative relationships with psychological well-being. Positive personality and family interaction were positively associated with psychological well-being and negatively with suicidal ideation. Parents’ harsh discipline had a negative relationship with the nursing students’ psychological well-being. Conclusions: Depression, personality, and positive family interaction were significant predictors of Australian nursing students’ psychological well-being. Anxiety, depression, and harsh discipline were significant predictors of suicidal ideation
May 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-9273.jbtm-15-792
FW Zaki NevinCorresponding author
Professor of Psychiatry, Mansoura University, Egypt.
Background: Recently, there has been an increased interest in sexuality among teenagers with Down syndrome (DS). Although DS has been well studied in the western continents, its research is relatively scarce in the Arab region. Aims: This is a cross -sectional study to explore the demographic characteristics and the sexual profile among 23 adolescents with DS who attended the outpatient psychiatric clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Amman, Jordan. Method: A semi-structured interview conducted with the parents of individuals with DS was used to record the socio-demographic profile, self-care skills, socio-sexual skills and sexual behavior. Results: The mean age of the sample was 13.5 years, out of which 69% were males; 26% were sexually oriented and able to identify their gender identity. When questioned about masturbation and self-care skills, a significant statistical difference was observed where girls showed more self-care skills while boys showed more masturbation acts. The p- value was (p = 0.045) for masturbation, p = 0.02 for washing the genitals, p = 0.011 for changing the underwear, and p = 0.001 for hygiene after using the toilet. Conclusion: The present study expands our knowledge about sexual issues in individuals with DS. We found that all adolescents reported adaptation to the physical changes of puberty. However, gender difference on some of the sexuality subscales was observed, mainly in the practice of some self- care, socio-sexual skills and sexual behavior.
Jul 2013 DOI 10.14302/issn.2326-0793.jpgr-12-160
J. Fu WenjiangCorresponding author
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 USA
Maternal-fetal genotype (MFG) incompatibility has been shown to be strongly associated with a number of genetic diseases. Most current methods for the MFG test rely on parents-offspring trio genotype data and do not apply to mother-offspring pair data where paternal genotype is unavailable. In this paper, we developed a two-stage method for testing the allelic effect of given SNP through subgroup analysis of compatible MFG pairs and further tested the MFG incompatibility effect according to different scenarios determined by the allelic effect. Simulation studies demonstrated that this novel two-stage model is powerful in detecting the MFG incompatibility effect. This method can be implemented through publicly available statistical software, such as SAS, R, etc. We demonstrate with a case-control study of small for gestational age neonates that the method identified a SNP in the IGF2R gene with a significant allelic effect (p = 0.037), and a SNP in the IGF1 gene with a significant MFG incompatibility effect (OR = 0.75 and p = 0.033).